
About this document
This is a prototype of an automatic report that documents how the user specified the operating model and their various justifications.
Introduction
Describe the history and current status of the fishery, including fleets, sectors, vessel types and practices/gear by vessel type, landing ports, economics/markets, whether targeted/bycatch, other stocks caught in the fishery.
Describe the stock’s ecosystem functions, dependencies, and habitat types.
Provide all relevant reference materials, such as assessments, research, and other analysis.
Fishery Characteristics
Longevity
Answered
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Very short-lived (5 < maximum age < 7)
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Short-lived (7 < maximum age < 10)
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Moderate life span (10 < maximum age < 20)
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Moderately long-lived (20 < maximum age < 40)
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Long-lived (40 < maximum age < 80)
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Very long-lived (80 < maximum age < 160)
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Justification
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maximum age of leopard coral grouper in Saleh bay is 14-26 years (Agustina et al, 2018; Ferreira an Russ, 1994; Russ et al, 1998)
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Stock depletion
Answered
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Crashed (D < 0.05)
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Very depleted (0.05 < D < 0.1)
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Depleted (0.1 < D < 0.15)
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Moderately depleted (0.15 < D < 0.3)
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Healthy (0.3 < D < 0.5)
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Underexploited (0.5 < D)
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Justification
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The stock of coral leopard grouper in Saleh Bay estimated at moderately depleted based on SPR estimation. The latest SPR estimation 0.24 (Agustina et al, 2018)
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Resilence
Answered
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Not resilient (steepness < 0.3)
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Low resilience (0.3 < steepness < 0.5)
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Moderate resilence (0.5 < steepness < 0.7)
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Resilient (0.7 < steepness < 0.9)
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Very Resilient (0.9 < steepness)
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Justification
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The resilience estimated by vulnerability rate. In Great Barrier Reef, coral leopard grouper has moderate vulnerability (Currey et al, 2010)
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Historical effort pattern
Answered
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Stable
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Two-phase
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Boom-bust
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Gradual increases
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Stable, recent increases
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Stable, recent declines
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Justification
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Based on MMAF effort data for FMA 713 (2001-2011).
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Inter-annual variability in historical effort
Answered
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Not variable (less than 20% inter-annual change (IAC))
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Variable (maximum IAC between 20% to 50%)
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Highly variable (maximum IAC between 50% and 100%)
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Justification
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Based on MMAF effort data for FMA 713 (2001-2011). The IAC estimated based on standard deviation of effort relative to mean effort.
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Historical fishing efficiency changes
Answered
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Declining by 2-3% pa (halves every 25-35 years)
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Declining by 1-2% pa (halves every 35-70 years)
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Stable -1% to 1% pa (may halve/double every 70 years)
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Increasing by 1-2% pa (doubles every 35-70 years)
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Increasing by 2-3% pa (doubles every 25-35 years)
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Justification
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CPUE increasing with the equation : y = 0.0355x + 0.5336.
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Future fishing efficiency changes
Answered
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Declining by 2-3% pa (halves every 25-35 years)
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Declining by 1-2% pa (halves every 35-70 years)
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Stable -1% to 1% pa (may halve/double every 70 years)
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Increasing by 1-2% pa (doubles every 35-70 years)
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Increasing by 2-3% pa (doubles every 25-35 years)
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Justification
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With the assumption that the existing grouper fisheries management plan in Saleh Bay will improve the SPR with expected to increase catch.
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Length at maturity
Answered
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Very small (0.4 < LM < 0.5)
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Small (0.5 < LM < 0.6)
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Moderate (0.6 < LM < 0.7)
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Moderate to large (0.7 < LM < 0.8)
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Large (0.8 < LM < 0.9)
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Justification
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Lm = 31.56-47.78 cm; Linf = 71.9 cm. (Agustina et al, 2018; Ferreira an Russ, 1994; Russ etbal, 1998; Khasanah et al, 2019)
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Selectivity of small fish
Answered
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Very small (0.1 < S < 0.2)
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Small (0.2 < S < 0.4)
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Half asymptotic length (0.4 < S < 0.6)
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Large (0.6 < S < 0.8)
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Very large (0.8 < S < 0.9)
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Justification
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SL50 = 28.5 - 29.82 cm ; Linf = 71.9 cm. (Halim et al, 2018; Agustina et al, 2019)
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Selectivity of large fish
Answered
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Asymptotic selectivity (SL = 1)
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Declining selectivity with length (0.75 < SL < 1)
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Dome-shaped selectivity (0.25 < SL < 0.75)
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Strong dome-shaped selectivity (SL < 0.25)
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Justification
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No justification was provided
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Discard rate
Answered
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Low (DR < 1%)
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Low - moderate (1% < DR < 10%)
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Moderate (10% < DR < 30%)
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Moderate - high (30% < DR < 50%)
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High (50% < DR < 70%)
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Justification
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Coral leopard grouper dominated catch by speargun (50%)
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Post-release mortality rate
Answered
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Low (PRM < 5%)
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Low - moderate (5% < PRM < 25%)
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Moderate (25% < PRM < 50%)
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Moderate - high (50% < PRM < 75%)
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High (75% < PRM < 95%)
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Almost all die (95% < PRM < 100%)
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Justification
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No justification was provided
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Recruitment variability
Answered
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Very low (less than 20% inter-annual changes (IAC))
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Low (max IAC of between 20% and 60%)
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Moderate (max IAC of between 60% and 120%)
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High (max IAC of between 120% and 180%)
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Very high (max IAC greater than 180%)
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Justification
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No justification was provided
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Size of an existing MPA
Answered
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None
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Small (A < 5%)
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Small-moderate (5% < A < 10%)
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Moderate (10% < A < 20%)
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Large (20% < A < 30%)
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Very large (30% < A < 40%)
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Huge (40% < A < 50%)
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Justification
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No justification was provided
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Spatial mixing (movement) in/out of existing MPA
Answered
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Very low (P < 1%)
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Low (1% < P < 5%)
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Moderate (5% < P < 10%)
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High (10% < P < 20%)
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Fully mixed
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Justification
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As a reef-associated species, mixing should be low
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Size of a future potential MPA
Answered
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None
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Small (A < 5%)
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Small-moderate (5% < A < 10%)
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Moderate (10% < A < 20%)
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Large (20% < A < 30%)
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Very large (30% < A < 40%)
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Huge (40% < A < 50%)
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Justification
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The change of the MPA have been discussed
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Spatial mixing (movement) in/out of future potential MPA
Answered
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Very low (P < 1%)
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Low (1% < P < 5%)
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Moderate (5% < P < 10%)
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High (10% < P < 20%)
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Fully mixed
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Justification
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As a reef assosiated, mixing should be quite low
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Initial stock depletion
Answered
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Very low (0.1 < D1 < 0.15)
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Low (0.15 < D1 < 0.3)
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Moderate (0.3 < D < 0.5)
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High (0.5 < D1)
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Asymptotic unfished levels (D1 = 1)
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Justification
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No justification was provided
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Management Characteristics
Types of fishery management that are possible
Answered
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TAC (Total Allowable Catch): a catch limit
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TAE (Total Allowable Effort): an effort limit
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Size limit
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Time-area closures (a marine reserve)
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Justification
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1. Describe what, if any, current management measures are used to constrain catch/effort. -Size limit - Minimum catch size = 500 gr in Saleh Bay (Governor Decree No. 32/2018; DKP (2018) Collectors and traders are prohibited from buying fish < 500gr size, catch and effort limits, temporal closures, gear and vessel restrictions, and limited-entry licensing -Prohibition to catch in MPA’s no-take zones Governor Decree No. 32/2018; DKP (2018) Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), seasonal protection from fishing during spawning, or, ideally, the combination of those management approaches (Sadovy et al, 2013) -
2. Describe historical management measures, if any. Sustainable grouper and snapper fisheries management action plan listed in Governor Decree No. 32/2018. The regulations, designed to rebuild declining fish stocks, include: size limit, control of fishing gear (gillnet mesh size > 4 inch, hook size for line fishing > number 4), prohibition to catch in MPA no take-zones, prohibition to use coral in trap fishing, prohibition to use of destructive fishing practice (dynamite, cyanide, hookah compressor).
3. Describe main strengths and weaknesses of current monitoring and enforcement capacity. - there are Grouper and Snapper fisheries management committee, WNT to monitoring and evaluate the regulation
4. Describe and reference any legal/policy requirements for management, monitoring and enforcement. Governor Decree No. 32/2018
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TAC offset: consistent overages/underages
Answered
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Large underages (40% - 70% of recommended)
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Underages (70% - 90% of recommended)
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Slight underages (90% - 100% of recommended)
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Taken exactly (95% - 105% of recommended)
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Slight overages (100% - 110% of recommended)
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Overages (110% - 150% of recommended)
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Large overages (150% - 200% of recommended)
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Justification
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No TAC regulation
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TAC implementation variability
Answered
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Constant (V < 1%)
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Not variable (1% < V < 5%)
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Low variability (5% < V < 10%)
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Variable (10% < V < 20%)
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Highly variable (20% < V < 40%)
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Justification
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No TAC regulation
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