About this document

This is a prototype of an automatic report that documents how the user specified the operating model and their various justifications.


Introduction

  1. Describe the history and current status of the fishery, including fleets, sectors, vessel types and practices/gear by vessel type, landing ports, economics/markets, whether targeted/bycatch, other stocks caught in the fishery.

  2. Describe the stock’s ecosystem functions, dependencies, and habitat types.

  3. Provide all relevant reference materials, such as assessments, research, and other analysis.


Fishery Characteristics

Longevity

Answered
Very short-lived (5 < maximum age < 7)
Short-lived (7 < maximum age < 10)
Moderate life span (10 < maximum age < 20)
Moderately long-lived (20 < maximum age < 40)
Long-lived (40 < maximum age < 80)
Very long-lived (80 < maximum age < 160)
Justification
maximum age of leopard coral grouper in Saleh bay is 14-26 years (Agustina et al, 2018; Ferreira an Russ, 1994; Russ et al, 1998)

Stock depletion

Answered
Crashed (D < 0.05)
Very depleted (0.05 < D < 0.1)
Depleted (0.1 < D < 0.15)
Moderately depleted (0.15 < D < 0.3)
Healthy (0.3 < D < 0.5)
Underexploited (0.5 < D)
Justification
The stock of coral leopard grouper in Saleh Bay estimated at moderately depleted based on SPR estimation. The latest SPR estimation 0.24 (Agustina et al, 2018)

Resilence

Answered
Not resilient (steepness < 0.3)
Low resilience (0.3 < steepness < 0.5)
Moderate resilence (0.5 < steepness < 0.7)
Resilient (0.7 < steepness < 0.9)
Very Resilient (0.9 < steepness)
Justification
The resilience estimated by vulnerability rate. In Great Barrier Reef, coral leopard grouper has moderate vulnerability (Currey et al, 2010)

Historical effort pattern

Answered
Stable
Two-phase
Boom-bust
Gradual increases
Stable, recent increases
Stable, recent declines
Justification
Based on MMAF effort data for FMA 713 (2001-2011).

Inter-annual variability in historical effort

Answered
Not variable (less than 20% inter-annual change (IAC))
Variable (maximum IAC between 20% to 50%)
Highly variable (maximum IAC between 50% and 100%)
Justification
Based on MMAF effort data for FMA 713 (2001-2011). The IAC estimated based on standard deviation of effort relative to mean effort.

Historical fishing efficiency changes

Answered
Declining by 2-3% pa (halves every 25-35 years)
Declining by 1-2% pa (halves every 35-70 years)
Stable -1% to 1% pa (may halve/double every 70 years)
Increasing by 1-2% pa (doubles every 35-70 years)
Increasing by 2-3% pa (doubles every 25-35 years)
Justification
CPUE increasing with the equation : y = 0.0355x + 0.5336.

Future fishing efficiency changes

Answered
Declining by 2-3% pa (halves every 25-35 years)
Declining by 1-2% pa (halves every 35-70 years)
Stable -1% to 1% pa (may halve/double every 70 years)
Increasing by 1-2% pa (doubles every 35-70 years)
Increasing by 2-3% pa (doubles every 25-35 years)
Justification
With the assumption that the existing grouper fisheries management plan in Saleh Bay will improve the SPR with expected to increase catch.

Length at maturity

Answered
Very small (0.4 < LM < 0.5)
Small (0.5 < LM < 0.6)
Moderate (0.6 < LM < 0.7)
Moderate to large (0.7 < LM < 0.8)
Large (0.8 < LM < 0.9)
Justification
Lm = 31.56-47.78 cm; Linf = 71.9 cm. (Agustina et al, 2018; Ferreira an Russ, 1994; Russ etbal, 1998; Khasanah et al, 2019)

Selectivity of small fish

Answered
Very small (0.1 < S < 0.2)
Small (0.2 < S < 0.4)
Half asymptotic length (0.4 < S < 0.6)
Large (0.6 < S < 0.8)
Very large (0.8 < S < 0.9)
Justification
SL50 = 28.5 - 29.82 cm ; Linf = 71.9 cm. (Halim et al, 2018; Agustina et al, 2019)

Selectivity of large fish

Answered
Asymptotic selectivity (SL = 1)
Declining selectivity with length (0.75 < SL < 1)
Dome-shaped selectivity (0.25 < SL < 0.75)
Strong dome-shaped selectivity (SL < 0.25)
Justification
No justification was provided

Discard rate

Answered
Low (DR < 1%)
Low - moderate (1% < DR < 10%)
Moderate (10% < DR < 30%)
Moderate - high (30% < DR < 50%)
High (50% < DR < 70%)
Justification
Coral leopard grouper dominated catch by speargun (50%)

Post-release mortality rate

Answered
Low (PRM < 5%)
Low - moderate (5% < PRM < 25%)
Moderate (25% < PRM < 50%)
Moderate - high (50% < PRM < 75%)
High (75% < PRM < 95%)
Almost all die (95% < PRM < 100%)
Justification
No justification was provided

Recruitment variability

Answered
Very low (less than 20% inter-annual changes (IAC))
Low (max IAC of between 20% and 60%)
Moderate (max IAC of between 60% and 120%)
High (max IAC of between 120% and 180%)
Very high (max IAC greater than 180%)
Justification
No justification was provided

Size of an existing MPA

Answered
None
Small (A < 5%)
Small-moderate (5% < A < 10%)
Moderate (10% < A < 20%)
Large (20% < A < 30%)
Very large (30% < A < 40%)
Huge (40% < A < 50%)
Justification
No justification was provided

Spatial mixing (movement) in/out of existing MPA

Answered
Very low (P < 1%)
Low (1% < P < 5%)
Moderate (5% < P < 10%)
High (10% < P < 20%)
Fully mixed
Justification
As a reef-associated species, mixing should be low

Size of a future potential MPA

Answered
None
Small (A < 5%)
Small-moderate (5% < A < 10%)
Moderate (10% < A < 20%)
Large (20% < A < 30%)
Very large (30% < A < 40%)
Huge (40% < A < 50%)
Justification
The change of the MPA have been discussed

Spatial mixing (movement) in/out of future potential MPA

Answered
Very low (P < 1%)
Low (1% < P < 5%)
Moderate (5% < P < 10%)
High (10% < P < 20%)
Fully mixed
Justification
As a reef assosiated, mixing should be quite low

Initial stock depletion

Answered
Very low (0.1 < D1 < 0.15)
Low (0.15 < D1 < 0.3)
Moderate (0.3 < D < 0.5)
High (0.5 < D1)
Asymptotic unfished levels (D1 = 1)
Justification
No justification was provided


Management Characteristics

Types of fishery management that are possible

Answered
TAC (Total Allowable Catch): a catch limit
TAE (Total Allowable Effort): an effort limit
Size limit
Time-area closures (a marine reserve)
Justification
1. Describe what, if any, current management measures are used to constrain catch/effort.
-Size limit - Minimum catch size = 500 gr in Saleh Bay (Governor Decree No. 32/2018; DKP (2018)
Collectors and traders are prohibited from buying fish < 500gr
size, catch and effort limits, temporal closures, gear and vessel restrictions, and limited-entry licensing
-Prohibition to catch in MPA’s no-take zones Governor Decree No. 32/2018; DKP (2018)
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), seasonal protection from fishing during spawning, or, ideally, the combination of those management approaches (Sadovy et al, 2013)
-

2. Describe historical management measures, if any.
Sustainable grouper and snapper fisheries management action plan listed in Governor Decree No. 32/2018. The regulations, designed to rebuild declining fish stocks, include: size limit, control of fishing gear (gillnet mesh size > 4 inch, hook size for line fishing > number 4), prohibition to catch in MPA no take-zones, prohibition to use coral in trap fishing, prohibition to use of destructive fishing practice (dynamite, cyanide, hookah compressor).

3. Describe main strengths and weaknesses of current monitoring and enforcement capacity.
- there are Grouper and Snapper fisheries management committee, WNT to monitoring and evaluate the regulation

4. Describe and reference any legal/policy requirements for management, monitoring and enforcement.
Governor Decree No. 32/2018


TAC offset: consistent overages/underages

Answered
Large underages (40% - 70% of recommended)
Underages (70% - 90% of recommended)
Slight underages (90% - 100% of recommended)
Taken exactly (95% - 105% of recommended)
Slight overages (100% - 110% of recommended)
Overages (110% - 150% of recommended)
Large overages (150% - 200% of recommended)
Justification
No TAC regulation


TAC implementation variability

Answered
Constant (V < 1%)
Not variable (1% < V < 5%)
Low variability (5% < V < 10%)
Variable (10% < V < 20%)
Highly variable (20% < V < 40%)
Justification
No TAC regulation